Introduction
Every man wants to grow older while maintaining a good quality of life, normal urination, and healthy sexual function.
However, the prostate is one of the organs most affected by the passing of time. From the age of 40–50 onward, it may increase in size, become inflamed, or develop conditions that interfere with everyday well-being.
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that plays a fundamental role in male health. It produces an important part of the seminal fluid and contributes to fertility, but as the years pass it is also one of the organs most susceptible to age-related changes.
After the age of 40, many men begin to experience their first urinary symptoms: a weaker urinary stream, the need to urinate more frequently—especially at night—a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, or urinary urgency. These problems should not simply be considered an inevitable consequence of aging.
The good news is that we now know that many lifestyle habits may help slow prostate aging.
Current scientific evidence indicates that diet, physical activity, body-weight control, and urological prevention influence the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis and, to some extent, prostate cancer.
Keeping the prostate “young” does not mean stopping time. It means preserving its function for as long as possible and limiting the inflammatory and degenerative processes associated with aging.
European guidelines also recommend lifestyle and behavioral modifications as an integral part of the management of urinary symptoms.
What Does It Mean to Have a “Young” Prostate?
Having a young prostate does not simply mean having a gland of normal size. Above all, it means having an efficient prostate with minimal inflammation that is capable of performing its functions correctly.
A healthy prostate supports normal urination, a good urinary flow, and normal sexual and reproductive function. With advancing age, processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes can accelerate prostate aging.
Why Does the Prostate Age?
Prostate aging is a natural process affecting all men, although its timing and progression vary considerably from one individual to another. From approximately 40–50 years of age, the gland gradually tends to change in structure and function.
However, chronological age is not the only factor involved. Numerous studies have shown that lifestyle, diet, genetic predisposition, and metabolic conditions may accelerate or slow the aging process of the prostate.
Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation
Chronic low-grade inflammation, often referred to as “inflammaging,” is a persistent inflammatory state that generally causes no obvious symptoms and becomes increasingly common with age.
Over time, inflammation may promote tissue changes, enlargement of the prostate, and urinary symptoms such as a weak stream, increased urinary frequency, and the need to urinate during the night.
Oxidative Stress
During normal cellular metabolism, free radicals are produced. These highly reactive molecules can damage prostate cells when present in excessive amounts.
The body normally has effective antioxidant systems to neutralize them, but these mechanisms become less efficient with age. The result may be a progressive accumulation of cellular damage that contributes to prostate aging and may favor the development of benign and, in some cases, neoplastic diseases.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal changes also play an important role. Although testosterone levels gradually decrease with age, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone, continues to act within the prostate and stimulate prostate-cell growth.
In some men, this stimulation contributes to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a very common condition after the age of 50 that may cause urinary obstruction and impair quality of life.
Obesity
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, represents another important risk factor.
Visceral adipose tissue is not merely an energy reserve; it is a true endocrine organ capable of producing inflammatory substances that increase systemic inflammation.
Excess body weight is also closely associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome—conditions that may negatively affect prostate health and worsen urinary symptoms.
Sedentary Lifestyle
Physical inactivity may also contribute to prostate aging. Insufficient exercise promotes weight gain and worsens metabolic health.
Conversely, regular physical activity improves cardiovascular function, reduces systemic inflammation, and contributes to maintaining better overall prostate health over time.
Gut Microbiota
The balance of intestinal bacteria appears to influence the immune system and inflammatory processes throughout the body.
An altered gut microbiota, often associated with a diet rich in ultra-processed foods and poor in fiber, may promote a pro-inflammatory environment that could also affect the prostate.
Genetic Predisposition
Some men have a greater inherited susceptibility to benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer.
Although genetic makeup cannot be changed, modifiable risk factors can be addressed through a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, appropriate body-weight control, and regular urological check-ups.
Understanding why the prostate ages is the first step toward protecting it. Although we cannot stop time, many age-related changes may potentially be influenced by adopting healthier habits.
Prevention therefore represents one of the most important strategies for maintaining prostate health and function and reducing the risk of prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer.
15 Tips from a Urologist to Keep Your Prostate Young
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Maintaining a healthy body weight is one of the most effective ways to support prostate health.
Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, promotes chronic inflammation and may contribute to benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, and worsening urinary symptoms.
Visceral adipose tissue produces inflammatory substances that can alter hormonal balance and increase oxidative stress, potentially accelerating prostate aging.
Studies have also shown that excess weight, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are associated with a greater risk of urinary symptoms and poorer quality of life.
To help maintain prostate health, it is therefore important to follow a balanced diet, limit refined sugars and ultra-processed foods, and exercise regularly.
Even a 5–10% reduction in body weight in overweight men may provide significant metabolic and general health benefits.
Follow the Mediterranean Diet
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns in the world and is associated with a lower risk of numerous chronic diseases.
Rich in fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish, extra-virgin olive oil, and nuts, it provides vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help counter oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Conversely, excessive consumption of processed meats, ultra-processed foods, saturated fats, and sugary drinks can promote weight gain and may worsen urinary symptoms.
Following a Mediterranean-style diet every day contributes not only to prostate health but also to cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Combining healthy eating with an active lifestyle represents an effective strategy for maintaining overall health as we age.
Eat Cooked Tomatoes Rich in Lycopene
Cooked tomatoes are among the most extensively studied foods in relation to prostate health because of their high lycopene content.
Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant belonging to the carotenoid family.
Cooking tomatoes, particularly when combined with extra-virgin olive oil, increases lycopene bioavailability and makes it easier for the body to absorb.
Scientific research suggests that diets rich in lycopene may help counter oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Although lycopene is not a treatment and cannot guarantee protection against prostate disease, regularly consuming tomato sauce, tomato purée, peeled tomatoes, or tomato paste as part of a Mediterranean diet represents a healthy dietary choice.
For the greatest overall benefit, cooked tomatoes can be consumed several times a week as part of a healthy lifestyle combined with appropriate urological check-ups.
Eat More Broccoli, Cauliflower, and Cabbage
Broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage are valuable foods that can be included regularly in a healthy diet.
These vegetables belong to the cruciferous family and contain bioactive compounds such as sulforaphane and isothiocyanates, which have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Research suggests that frequent consumption of cruciferous vegetables may be associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, including prostate cancer.
Their high fiber content also supports intestinal health and contributes to a balanced gut microbiota and healthy metabolism.
Cruciferous vegetables are low in calories but rich in vitamins C and K, folate, and several essential minerals.
To preserve their nutritional properties, brief steaming or light sautéing is preferable.
Including them in the diet two or three times a week is a simple way to support overall health within the context of a balanced Mediterranean diet.
Include Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are important nutrients for cardiovascular and general health.
They are known for their role in inflammatory pathways and may contribute to controlling chronic low-grade inflammation.
The main dietary sources include oily fish such as sardines, mackerel, anchovies, and salmon. Plant sources include flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.
Omega-3 fatty acids also support cardiovascular health, cell-membrane function, and normal immune function.
Some studies suggest a possible role in overall health among men with chronic inflammatory disorders, although evidence regarding the specific prevention of prostate disease remains under investigation.
Within a Mediterranean dietary pattern, prioritizing fish and plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids is a balanced nutritional choice that can contribute to long-term health.
Reduce Sugar and Ultra-Processed Foods
Reducing added sugars and ultra-processed foods is an important step toward maintaining prostate and overall health.
Sugary drinks, industrial sweets, packaged snacks, highly processed meats, and products rich in additives are often associated with dietary patterns that promote excess calorie intake, obesity, and metabolic disease.
A diet rich in these products is frequently associated with overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome—conditions that may also negatively influence urinary and prostate health.
Choosing fresh and minimally processed foods helps improve nutritional quality and metabolic control.
Industrial snacks can be replaced with fresh fruit, nuts, or plain yogurt without added sugar.
Reading nutrition labels is also useful for identifying products containing large quantities of sugar, poor-quality fats, and salt.
The Mediterranean diet, based primarily on fresh and minimally processed foods, remains an excellent model.
Reducing ultra-processed foods does not mean sacrificing taste; it means choosing more natural, nutrient-rich ingredients.
Walk at Least 30 Minutes a Day
Walking for at least 30 minutes every day is one of the simplest ways to improve general health.
Regular physical activity supports circulation, body-weight control, cardiovascular function, and metabolic health.
Brisk walking can improve insulin sensitivity and help reduce the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.
It also helps reduce stress and improve sleep quality, factors that can positively influence quality of life and urinary symptoms.
Intense sport is not necessary. A daily walk, preferably outdoors, can provide significant benefits.
Whenever possible, alternate periods of faster walking with a more relaxed pace.
Taking the stairs instead of the elevator or walking short distances instead of driving also increases daily physical activity.
Making walking part of your routine is a practical long-term investment in prostate, cardiovascular, and overall health.
Strength Training
Resistance training is one of the most effective ways to preserve physical health with advancing age.
Maintaining muscle mass improves metabolism, supports body-weight control, and increases insulin sensitivity.
Research has demonstrated that resistance exercise also benefits cardiovascular, bone, and metabolic health.
For men, preserving muscle mass means maintaining strength, independence, and a better quality of life.
A resistance-training program performed two or three times per week, using correct technique and appropriate loads, can provide substantial benefits.
It is not necessary to lift very heavy weights. Light dumbbells, resistance bands, and body-weight exercises can also be effective.
Training should involve all major muscle groups and should be combined with an appropriate balanced diet.
As part of a healthy lifestyle, strength training may indirectly support prostate health by improving body composition and reducing metabolic risk factors.
Sleep 7–8 Hours
Sleeping approximately 7–8 hours per night is important for maintaining good general health.
During sleep, the body carries out important cellular repair processes, regulates immune function, and maintains the balance of hormones involved in metabolism and inflammation.
Insufficient or poor-quality sleep has been associated with increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and a greater risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
Lack of sleep can also affect cortisol regulation, psychological well-being, and quality of life.
To promote restorative sleep, maintain regular sleep schedules, avoid heavy meals and alcohol late in the evening, and limit smartphones and electronic devices before bedtime.
Regular daytime exercise can also improve sleep quality.
Adequate sleep supports energy, concentration, metabolic health, and the body’s normal response to inflammatory processes.
Taking care of your sleep is therefore an essential part of a healthy lifestyle and may indirectly contribute to maintaining prostate health.
Manage Stress
Chronic stress can negatively affect overall health and may also influence urinary and pelvic symptoms.
When stress persists, changes in cortisol and other stress-related pathways may influence inflammation, immune function, pain perception, and quality of life.
Stress can worsen urinary symptoms and pelvic pain in patients with chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Learning to manage stress is therefore an important part of maintaining well-being.
Walking, exercising regularly, pursuing hobbies, and spending time in nature can help reduce psychological tension.
Relaxation techniques, deep breathing, meditation, and yoga may also improve psychophysical balance.
Maintaining good sleep quality and allowing time for rest during the day can provide additional benefits.
Positive social relationships and emotional well-being should not be neglected.
Reducing stress improves quality of life and may help create more favorable conditions for overall health, including prostate health.
Avoid Smoking
Quitting smoking is one of the most important decisions you can make to protect your health at any age.
Cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic substances that promote inflammation, DNA damage, and premature tissue aging.
Smoking is associated with numerous cancers, including bladder, kidney, and lung cancer, and has also been linked to poorer outcomes in prostate cancer.
It impairs vascular health and circulation, which can negatively affect sexual function.
Smoking also interferes with normal immune and respiratory function.
Even a small number of cigarettes per day is harmful.
Stopping smoking produces health benefits that begin relatively quickly and continue to increase over time.
If you find it difficult to quit, ask your doctor or a smoking-cessation service for support.
Effective treatments and structured programs can significantly increase the chances of success.
Every cigarette you do not smoke is a step toward a longer and healthier life.
Limit Alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect general health and may worsen urinary symptoms in some individuals.
Alcohol may irritate the bladder and increase urinary frequency, urgency, and nighttime urination.
Large quantities of alcohol may also contribute to dehydration and poorer sleep quality.
Regular excessive alcohol consumption is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, and other health problems.
Reducing alcohol consumption can therefore contribute to better overall health.
If you choose to drink, moderation is important.
Water should remain the principal beverage throughout the day.
Reducing alcohol intake may also improve sleep and metabolic health, with indirect benefits for sexual and urinary well-being.
Small changes in daily habits can produce meaningful long-term health benefits.
Maintain a Regular Sex Life
Regular sexual activity can be part of a healthy and satisfying lifestyle.
Ejaculation naturally empties prostatic secretions, although this should not be interpreted as a proven treatment for prostate disease.
Some observational studies suggest that greater ejaculation frequency may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.
However, this association does not prove that ejaculation itself prevents cancer.
Sexual activity can also have positive effects on mood, intimacy, and psychological well-being.
It should be experienced naturally and without imposing arbitrary targets or frequencies.
In men with chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, ejaculation may sometimes cause or worsen pain.
Therefore, sexual frequency should be adapted to the individual’s symptoms and comfort.
If pain, erectile difficulties, or ejaculation disorders occur, consultation with a urologist is advisable.
Taking care of sexual health is an important component of men’s overall quality of life.
Monitor Blood Pressure, Blood Sugar, and Cholesterol
Keeping blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol under control is fundamental for maintaining cardiovascular and general health.
Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia can impair circulation, contribute to chronic inflammation, and increase the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Good cardiovascular health ensures adequate blood supply and oxygen delivery throughout the body.
Periodic monitoring is particularly important after the age of 40–50 or in individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish, combined with regular physical activity, helps maintain healthy metabolic parameters.
Body-weight control and reducing excessive salt and sugar consumption are also effective strategies.
When medication is required, following the treatment prescribed by your doctor is essential for preventing complications.
Looking after your metabolic health means investing in your prostate, heart, sexual health, and long-term quality of life.
Have Regular Urological Check-Ups
Regular urological examinations are important for protecting prostate and urinary-tract health.
Many urological conditions can develop without causing obvious symptoms during their early stages.
A check-up can help identify prostate enlargement, inflammation, urinary stones, and urinary disorders.
The consultation includes an assessment of symptoms, medical history, and individual risk factors.
When appropriate, the urologist may recommend PSA testing, urine tests, ultrasound, or other investigations.
PSA should never be interpreted in isolation but should be considered together with age, family history, prostate characteristics, and other clinical information.
Prostate-cancer screening requires an individualized and informed decision.
For men at average risk, discussion about PSA testing can generally begin around the age of 50.
Assessment may begin earlier in men with a family history of prostate cancer or known genetic predisposition.
Symptoms such as a weak urinary stream, urgency, blood in the urine, pelvic pain, or urinary retention require medical evaluation.
Do not wait until symptoms become severe or interfere substantially with your quality of life.
The frequency of follow-up should be determined by the urologist according to age, risk factors, symptoms, and individual clinical circumstances.
Early diagnosis may allow more effective and, in some cases, less invasive treatment.
The Prostate’s Worst Enemies
We have already mentioned most of them. The principal factors that can negatively affect prostate and general health include obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, a diet rich in processed meat and ultra-processed foods, diabetes, and chronic stress.
Does Sex Keep the Prostate Young?
The question of whether regular sexual activity can “keep the prostate young” is interesting but requires a scientifically balanced answer.
The prostate is directly involved in sexual function, producing an important component of seminal fluid that is expelled during ejaculation.
Some observational studies suggest that a higher frequency of ejaculation may be associated with a lower risk of developing prostate cancer.
One of the most important studies, published in European Urology, followed 31,925 men and found that men reporting a higher ejaculation frequency during adulthood had a lower subsequent probability of being diagnosed with prostate cancer, particularly lower-risk disease.
However, this finding does not prove that ejaculation directly protects against cancer. It represents an epidemiological association rather than evidence of causation.
Therefore, it is not possible to establish a specific number of sexual encounters or ejaculations per week required to “protect” the prostate.
The idea that regular ejaculation prevents stagnation of prostatic secretions is biologically plausible, but evidence is insufficient to consider sexual activity a treatment or preventive strategy for prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The situation may also be different in chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Pain during or after ejaculation is relatively common, and sexual activity should therefore be adapted to individual symptoms.
In conclusion, a regular and satisfying sex life can be part of a healthy lifestyle and may be associated with some favorable prostate-health outcomes, but it would be an exaggeration to claim that sex alone keeps the prostate young.
Healthy body weight, regular physical activity, a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and appropriate urological check-ups remain fundamental.
Do Prostate Supplements Really Work?
Dietary supplements are frequently used by men who want to support prostate health or reduce symptoms such as increased urinary frequency, difficulty urinating, incomplete bladder emptying, or pelvic discomfort.
But do they really work?
Some products may provide benefits, but scientific evidence varies considerably depending on the substance, formulation, and, above all, the underlying cause of the symptoms.
Among the most extensively studied substances are Serenoa repens, beta-sitosterol, pollen extracts, Pygeum africanum, quercetin, and lycopene.
Some studies have reported improvements in urinary symptoms or pelvic pain with specific preparations, whereas other studies have produced conflicting results.
It is therefore incorrect to consider all supplements equally effective. The quality and standardization of extracts can significantly influence their effects.
Another common mistake is to assume that a product described as “natural” is automatically harmless.
Supplements can cause adverse effects, interact with medications and, most importantly, mask symptoms or delay the diagnosis of a urological disease.
A man with urinary symptoms may have benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, a urinary infection, urethral stricture, bladder disease or, in some cases, prostate cancer.
Apparently similar symptoms can therefore have completely different causes.
For this reason, supplements should never replace a urological examination.
Before starting prolonged treatment, the underlying cause of the symptoms should be identified through medical history, specialist evaluation, and any tests considered appropriate by the urologist.
Supplements may represent a complementary option in selected patients, but they should never become a substitute for diagnosis or appropriate medical care.
When Should You Start Having Your Prostate Checked?
Having your prostate checked does not mean waiting until urinary symptoms appear.
Many prostate diseases, including early-stage prostate cancer, can be completely asymptomatic.
Prevention should therefore be personalized according to age and individual risk factors.
PSA is the principal blood test used in the early-detection pathway for prostate cancer.
For appropriately informed men without specific risk factors, an initial PSA assessment may be considered at approximately 50 years of age.
In men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly a first-degree relative, assessment can generally begin around 45 years of age.
In carriers of BRCA2 mutations, PSA testing may be considered from approximately 40 years of age.
PSA, however, is not specific for cancer. Levels may also increase in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and other conditions.
The result should therefore be interpreted by a physician considering age, prostate volume, changes over time, and other clinical factors.
A urological examination allows the physician to evaluate urinary, sexual, and inflammatory symptoms as well as the patient’s family history.
A digital rectal examination (DRE) can provide information about prostate consistency, size, and possible abnormalities, although it is not necessarily required routinely in every asymptomatic man undergoing early-detection assessment.
Prostate ultrasound, either suprapubic or transrectal when clinically indicated, can assess prostate volume and morphology, the bladder, and post-void residual urine. However, ultrasound alone is not a reliable screening test for prostate cancer.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) should not automatically be performed in every man. It becomes particularly important when PSA, clinical evaluation, or other parameters raise suspicion of clinically significant prostate cancer and now plays a central role in determining whether prostate biopsy is required.
In conclusion, there is no single starting age that is appropriate for every man.
Modern prostate prevention should be personalized according to PSA, age, family history, general health, life expectancy, and individual risk factors.
Having a father or brother affected by prostate cancer should prompt an earlier discussion with a urologist.
A simple check-up performed at the right time can help identify disease while it is still localized and potentially curable.
10 Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore
Weak urinary stream
Frequent urination
Nocturia
Blood in the urine
Pelvic pain
Pain after ejaculation
Burning during urination
Urinary urgency
Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
Urinary retention
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the best food for the prostate?
There is no single food capable of protecting the prostate on its own. The most interesting foods are those included in the table above and, more generally, foods forming part of a balanced Mediterranean diet.
Is coffee bad for the prostate?
In moderate quantities, coffee is not generally considered harmful to the prostate. However, caffeine may increase urinary urgency and frequency in some men with urinary symptoms. In these cases, reducing coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages may be helpful.
Is drinking a lot of water good for the prostate?
Proper hydration is important, but drinking excessive amounts of water does not “flush” or directly protect the prostate.
Excessive fluid intake may actually increase urinary frequency and nocturia. Fluid consumption should be appropriate for individual needs and distributed throughout the day.
Which vitamins are good for the prostate?
No single vitamin has been proven to prevent prostate disease on its own.
It is preferable to obtain vitamins, antioxidants, and micronutrients through a varied and balanced diet.
High-dose supplements, particularly vitamin E and selenium, should not be used with the specific aim of preventing prostate cancer.
At what age should you start having PSA tests?
For men without specific risk factors, discussing an initial PSA test with a doctor at around 50 years of age is reasonable.
Testing may be considered at approximately 45 years in men with a family history and from 40 years in certain high-risk men, such as BRCA2 mutation carriers.
The frequency of subsequent testing should be personalized.
Does exercise reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Regular physical activity is associated with better metabolic health and may help reduce the risk or impact of urinary symptoms associated with benign prostatic enlargement.
Walking, exercising, and maintaining a healthy body weight are therefore recommended.
Exercise, however, cannot guarantee that BPH will not develop.
Do supplements really work?
Some phytotherapeutic products may modestly improve certain urinary symptoms in selected patients, but effectiveness varies considerably depending on the substance and formulation.
Not all supplements are supported by strong scientific evidence.
Most importantly, they should never replace a urological examination and a correct diagnosis.
Can the prostate remain healthy after the age of 70?
Absolutely.
Age increases the risk of benign prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer, but it does not necessarily mean that a clinically significant disease will develop.
A balanced diet, physical activity, healthy body weight, avoiding smoking, and personalized medical check-ups can contribute to maintaining good prostate and overall health even after the age of 70.
Conclusions
Taking care of your prostate means investing today in your health for tomorrow.
Many prostate diseases can develop slowly and remain asymptomatic for years.
For this reason, it is important not to wait for symptoms before
Bibliography
European Association of Urology (EAU). EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU Guidelines Office; 2025. Disponibile su Uroweb.
European Association of Urology (EAU). EAU Guidelines on the Management of Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS), including Benign Prostatic Obstruction. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU Guidelines Office; 2025.
Wei JT, Calhoun E, Jacobsen SJ. Urologic diseases in America project: benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1256-1261.
Parsons JK. Lifestyle factors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Curr Opin Urol. 2011;21(1):1-4.
Parsons JK, Kashefi C. Physical activity, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol. 2008;53(6):1228-1235.
Ilic D, Forbes KM, Hassed C. Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2012;72(4):269-276.
Long J, Liu Z, Wang Y, et al. Cruciferous vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Int. 2023;107(7-8):723-733.
Feiertag N, Kreshover JE, Zillioux J, et al. Should men eat more plants? A systematic review of the literature on the effect of plant-forward diets on men’s health. Urology. 2023;176:7-18.
Nouri-Majd S, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzababaei A, et al. Association between red and processed meat consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2022;9:801722.
Eshaghian N, Askari M, Miraghajani M, et al. Fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer or prostate cancer mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1221029.
Applegate CC, Rowles JL III, Ranard KM, et al. Soy consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):40.
Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Cushing CA, Sceurman B. Meta-analysis of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(4):543-554.
Fichtel-Epstein C, Bohn T, Watzl B, et al. Ultra-processed food and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16.
Rider JR, Wilson KM, Sinnott JA, et al. Ejaculation frequency and risk of prostate cancer: updated results with an additional decade of follow-up. Eur Urol. 2016;70(6):974-982.
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR). Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer. Continuous Update Project Expert Report. London: World Cancer Research Fund; aggiornamento disponibile online.
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR). Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer. Continuous Update Project Expert Report. London: World Cancer Research Fund; aggiornamento disponibile online.
